Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc.
Some features include Object Oriented, Platform Independent, Robust, Interpreted, Multi-threaded
It’s compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code to be executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.
Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that turns Java bytecode, which is a program that contains instructions that must be interpreted into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.
It is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.
When Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run.
Netbeans, Eclipse, etc.
Some Java keywords are import, super, finally, etc.
Object is a runtime entity and it’s state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via methods. Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication.
A class is a blue print from which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.
A class consist of Local variable, instance variables and class variables.
Variables defined inside methods, constructors or blocks are called local variables. The variable will be declared and initialized within the method and it will be destroyed when the method has completed.
Instance variables are variables within a class but outside any method. These variables are instantiated when the class is loaded.
These are variables declared with in a class, outside any method, with the static keyword.
Singleton class control object creation, limiting the number to one but allowing the flexibility to create more objects if the situation changes.
Constructor gets invoked when a new object is created. Every class has a constructor. If we do not explicitly write a constructor for a class the java compiler builds a default constructor for that class.
An Object is first declared, then instantiated and then it is initialized.
Default value of byte datatype is 0.
Default value of float and double datatype in different as compared to C/C++. For float its 0.0f and for double it’s 0.0d
This data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers, since a byte is four times smaller than an int.
Class variables also known as static variables are declared with the static keyword in a class, but outside a method, constructor or a block.
Java provides access modifiers to set access levels for classes, variables, methods and constructors. A member has package or default accessibility when no accessibility modifier is specified.
Variables, methods and constructors which are declared protected in a superclass can be accessed only by the subclasses in other package or any class within the package of the protected members' class.
Java provides these modifiers for providing functionalities other than Access Modifiers, synchronized used to indicate that a method can be accessed by only one thread at a time.
Postfix operators i.e () [] . is at the highest precedence.
Variables used in a switch statement can only be a string, enum, byte, short, int, or char.
This method is used to get the primitive data type of a certain String.
The String class is immutable, so that once it is created a String object cannot be changed. Since String is immutable it can safely be shared between many threads ,which is considered very important for multithreaded programming.
The String class is considered as immutable, so that once it is created a String object cannot be changed. If there is a necessity to make alot of modifications to Strings of characters then StringBuffer should be used.
Use StringBuilder whenever possible because it is faster than StringBuffer. But, if thread safety is necessary then use StringBuffer objects.
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