Function of Common Networking Protocols!!!

• TCP

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is a reliable stream delivery service that guarantees delivery of a data stream sent from one host to another without duplication or losing data.

• FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and server. Authentication is accomplished through the use of a clear-text sign-in protocol and is not considered to be secure.

• UDP

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet Protocol Suite, the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without requiring prior communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths. UDP provides an unreliable service and datagrams may arrive out of order, appear duplicated, or go missing without notice.

• TCP/IP suite

The TCP/IP suite is a collection of internet protocols developed by the Department of Defense. Designed to permit communication among a variety of independent, multivendor systems, support is provided for a wide variety of protocols and services, including TCP, IP, UDP, ARP, and others, on many different types of media. TCP/IP is routable across more than one local area network (LAN). Named for it's two primary protocols, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

• DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network configuration protocol that enables a server on an IP network to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a predetermined range of numbers. The most essential information needed is an IP address, and a default route and routing prefix. DHCP controls the assignment of unique dynamic IP addresses and routing information, eliminating the manual task by a network administrator.

• TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple insecure protocol used to transfer files. It is typically implemented on top of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) using port number 69. Packets are limited to a 512 byte limit and can be easily lost. When a packet smaller than 512 bytes is received, the server assumes the end of the file has been reached and closes the connection. Transmission is not guaranteed to be complete and has no provision for user authentication. TFTP is designed to be small and easy to implement, therefore, lacks most of the features of FTP. TFTP only reads and writes files (or mail) to or from a remote server, it cannot list directories. TFTP can be used for remote booting of devices without hard drives. Used in conjunction with a bootp server, the device receives its addressing information and the address of the TFTP server from which it should boot.

• DNS

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. Internet and TCP utilities such as telnet, FTP, and SMTP use DNS to translate computer host and domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. DNS allows you to type recognizable names into your Web browser and your computer will automatically find that address on the Internet. Address information is stored in several locations in a hierarchical structure.

• HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a combination of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) with SSL/TLS protocol. It provides encrypted communication and secure identification of a network web server. HTTPS connections are often used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems. HTTPS uses port 443 by default.

• HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol used to request and deliver web pages between a server and browser. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

• ARP

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a low-level network protocol used for the resolution of network layer IP addresses into corresponding link layer MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. ARP is the standard of identifying a host's hardware address when only its network IP address is known.

ARP operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model allowing packets or frames on a local network to be delivered to physical (MAC) addresses, not IP addresses. When a machine attempts to communicate with another on the same local network, it will first check it's own ARP cache for the desired IP and MAC addresses. If it doesn't find the desired entry, it will broadcast an ICMP ping request for the IP address to every machine on the local network. If the intended target is online, a reply is returned with the proper IP address and physical address.

• SIP (VoIP)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol widely used for controlling communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP). The protocol can be used for creating, modifying and terminating two-party (unicast) or multiparty (multicast) sessions. Sessions may consist of one or several media streams.

• RTP (VoIP)

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over IP networks. RTP is used extensively in communication and entertainment systems that involve streaming media, such as telephony, video teleconference applications, television services and web-based push-to-talk features.

• SSH

Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic remote login protocol for secure data communication over an unsecured network. Designed as a replacement for telnet and rlogin, which send information in plaintext, SSH client and server programs provide strong host-to-host and user authentication as well as a number of securely encrypted methods of communication to provide confidentiality and integrity of data. SSH supports data stream compression between the client and the server.

There are two major versions of the SSH protocol in widespread use, SSH v1 and SSH v2. SSH v2 is more secure, and includes SFTP, which is similar to FTP, but is SSH v2 encrypted.

• POP3

Post Office Protocol (POP3) is a simple, standardized application-layer protocol used for retrieving incoming email from a remote mail server over a TCP/IP connection and saving to a local device. A POP3 server listens on well-known port TCP/110.

• NTP

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol and software implementation for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.

• IMAP4

Internet message access protocol (IMAP) is one of the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval, the other being the Post Office Protocol (POP). Virtually all modern e-mail clients and mail servers support both protocols as a means of transferring e-mail messages from a server. IMAP is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held by your Internet server and downloaded from the server by request. Imap permits the manipulation of remote mailboxes as though they were local, and works well with slower modem connections.

• Telnet

Short for Telecommunications network, TELNET is a text based interface protocol that provides an insecure remote access to other computers. Telnet uses a command line interface and can be accessed in Windows from the Start menu by clicking <Start>, <Run>, then by typing: telnet (somesite) 23. Port number 23 is the default port used by telnet, but is usually optional and often not required.

• SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a reliable and efficient mail transport and delivery protocol that is capable of transporting outgoing email across multiple networks. SMTP requires a reliable data stream channel for transmission.

• SNMP2/3

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks. Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more." It is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.

• ICMP

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is chiefly used by the operating systems of networked computers to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. ICMP can also be used to relay query messages.

• IGMP

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish multicast group memberships.

• TLS

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides communication security over the Internet. TLS encrypts the segments of network connections above the Transport Layer, using asymmetric cryptography for key exchange, symmetric encryption for privacy, and message authentication codes for message integrity.